Alkaline |
NO
|
YES
|
Collected via household or commercial battery bins |
Zinc-Carbon |
NO
|
YES
|
Similar to alkaline; low environmental risk |
Lithium (Primary) |
YES
|
YES
|
Fire risk; must be stored in non-conductive containers |
Silver Oxide |
YES
|
YES
|
Contains silver; valuable for recovery |
Mercury (Obsolete) |
YES
|
YES (if found)
|
Banned in UK; must be treated as hazardous legacy waste |
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) |
YES
|
YES
|
Must be insulated and labelled; risk of thermal runaway |
LiFePO |
YES
|
YES
|
Safer than Li-ion but still regulated |
Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) |
YES
|
YES
|
Cadmium is toxic; banned in most consumer products |
Nickel-Metal Hydride |
NO
|
YES
|
Less toxic alternative to NiCd |
Lead-Acid |
YES
|
YES
|
Must be drained and stored upright; widely recycled |
Sodium-ion |
Emerging
|
Developing
|
Not yet widely regulated; follow lithium protocols |
Flow Batteries |
Depends on chemistry
|
Developing
|
Often large-scale; site-specific handling |
Solid-State |
Emerging
|
Developing
|
Follow lithium-based battery protocols for now |